فريق Board Game Arena اتصل بنا
Lymon Flowers
We don't stop playing because we grow old; we grow old because we stop playing. But my artery disagree with that.
المشرفين المجتمع
Board_game_hat
Trying board games on for size in Edmundston NB 🇨🇦. Invite me to play Wingspan, 7 Wonders Duel, Space Base, Earth, Gizmos, Backgammon, Castles of Burgundy anytime, or any game really but give me a play or 2 to learn it and I will ask for a rematch.
J'essaie des jeux de société pour voir si ils me font à Edmundston NB 🇨🇦. Invitez moi a jouer Wingspan, 7 Wonders Duel, Space Base, Earth, Gizmos, Backgammon, Castles of Burgundy n'importe quand, ou n'importe quel jeu nouveau pour moi et donnez-moi une partie ou deux et je vais apprendre les règles, mais je vous demanderai une revanche.
J'essaie des jeux de société pour voir si ils me font à Edmundston NB 🇨🇦. Invitez moi a jouer Wingspan, 7 Wonders Duel, Space Base, Earth, Gizmos, Backgammon, Castles of Burgundy n'importe quand, ou n'importe quel jeu nouveau pour moi et donnez-moi une partie ou deux et je vais apprendre les règles, mais je vous demanderai une revanche.
مطوري اللعبة
ufm
تطوير الألعاب: nainjaune, hoola, fightthelandlord, toepen, thebrambles, lure, bahamataxi, regicide, hanamikoji, twotenjack, gostop, parklife, gomoku, narabi, artthief, pokerdice, ginrummy, fivethreefive, blot, pinochle, heckinhounds, Paint the Roses, sergeantmajor, ludo, lunar, fornorthwood, tumbleweed, yokaiseptet, bigtwo, nap, cradletograve, onda, twinpalms, tienlen, mia, euchre, thefoxintheforestduet, diamonds, president, iceandthesky, ساساكي Sasaki, germanwhist, eck, springcleaning, orchard, pente, babydinosaurrescue, spiteandmalice, رمي, دوبرو, thelast, yaniv, Go fish, Golf, kingsinthecorner, crisps, powervacuum, briscola, roppyakken, seotda, cucumber, cheeztricks, fibonachos, forage, durak, seikatsu, thefoxintheforest, openfacechinesepoker, quato, claim, fruitpicking, lamarcheducrabe, thirtyone, schnapsen, sherlockthirteen, expressions, ياهتزي, minhwatu, tranquilitytheascent, knockoutwhist, dominoes, enemyanemone, grovesolitaire, sevens, coupell, nylonppong, mighty, hund, pescadonovo, pyrgos, regidice, sakura, ecarte, stonks, canasta, hearts, piereighteen, blackjack, farkle, fortytwo, Cacon, sail
A floating octopus adorabilis
Moof
تطوير الألعاب: mycityrb, jekyllvshide, Mojo, Roll'n Bump, pocketcats, middleages, Dracula vs Van Helsing, ekko, valeofeternity, betta, lostseas, dicycards, 12 Chip Trick, umbrella, captainflip, bloodrage, smallworld, vaalbara, perfectwords, زرافة رافي, wonderfulkingdom, الجائحة, khiva, mycity, dobbleconnect, theyellowhouse, Faraway, أوريفلام, solstis, gangofdice, The Number, capybarancapybara
Tisaac
تطوير الألعاب: الطاقم, heat, agricola, coalbaron, alhambra, barrage, yinyang, ancientknowledge, نيدافلير, goldncrash, memoir, kingdombuilder, Akropolis, بانج!, federation, thecrewdeepsea, santorini, أرك نوفا, welcometo, altered, Number Drop, مراكش, rauha, concept, planetunknown, Simplicity, scythe, papayoo, caverna
Developer of Santorini, Kingdom Builder, Concept, Welcome To, YinYang, Nidavellir and more to come...Co-dev of Alhambra, Papayoo, Marrakech, The Crew, Agricola, Bang, Equinox.
Een
تطوير الألعاب: koikoi, ginkgopolis, الشطرنج, unclechestnuttablegype, outlaws, jaipur, redsevengame, ضامة, tobago, Lines of Action, gomoku, siam, طارقي, emdomicrocosm, Puerto Rico, Tablut, colorpop, werewolves, djambi, CuBirds, secretmoon, saboteur, Apocalypse au Zoo de Carson City, أرض الإلف, !Sushi Go, توكايدو, diams, terramystica
Do you mean rules have to be explained _before_ playing?-- Retired BGA admin since the 1st of March 2023: https://boardgamearena.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=29431 --
-- Just a regular player now :) --
stefano
تطوير الألعاب: rainbow, Senshi, breakthecode, cantstopexpress, isleoftrainsallaboard, themotherroad, veronatwist, tinnerstrail, mercadodelisboaste, empireplateau, zooloretto, myfirstcastlepanic, Sushi Go Party!, pyramidpoker, stockpile, imtheboss, herooj, littlefactory, guile, thegnomesofzavandor, samarkand, balloonpop, morocco, queenskings, dicethemepark, buyword
Mogri
تطوير الألعاب: spacestationphoenix, astra, beyondthesun, minirogue, itsawonderfulworld, capereurope, blueskies, maracaibo, jumpdrive, villagers, nothanks, envelopesofcash, arcticscavengers, cosmoctopus, streets, daybreak, gaiaproject, harvest, greatsplit, spots, artdecko, strawberrysunset
Developer of Gaia Project, Maracaibo, It's a Wonderful World, and other BGA adaptations. Send me a message if you're looking to adapt your game!
Victoria_La
تطوير الألعاب: eminentdomain, tapestry, isaac, russianrailroads, signorie, patchwork, kabaleo, nippon, khronos, dungeonpetz, إعمار المريخ, dragonline, origin, emdomicrocosm, ultimaterailroads, madeira, معركة السفن بالورقة و القلم, كينجدومينو, century, hive, لويس وكلارك
I enjoy playing boardgames and also develop them for BGA in my spare time
n_e_s_s_u_n_o
تطوير الألعاب: vault, hens, rollingpins, resolve, blockarena, vaultdenofthieves, shiftingstones, danceofmuses, diceathlon, inverteddice, paniclab, micromidgard, zefiria, xxung, geekoutmasters, nachopile, microdojo, zuuli, grumblestone, pugsinmugs, belladonebluff
tchobello
تطوير الألعاب: Room 25, heroesofhellas, Takenoko, orionduel, khronos, Boomerang: Europe, cairn, origin, egocentricworld, War Chest, dungeontwister, duckcover, boomerangaustralia, worldwidetennis, ماتشيفالي, leroydesribauds, tichu, sensei, northwestpassage, linx
Here I amRock you like a hurricane
Kayvon
تطوير الألعاب: spacestationphoenix, astra, monsterfactory, minirogue, itsawonderfulworld, capereurope, maracaibo, jumpdrive, villagers, envelopesofcash, arcticscavengers, cosmoctopus, streets, daybreak, gaiaproject, harvest, greatsplit, spots, artdecko, strawberrysunset
I develop games on BGA!If you're a publisher looking for a slick implementation, send me a message.
darhf
تطوير الألعاب: livingforest, photosynthesis, looot, Stella – Dixit Universe, mechadream, إعمار المريخ, lostexplorers, nanatoridori, nextstation, qawale, Splendor, Slide, CATAN, nextstationtokyo, resarcana, megajackpot, sevenwondersarchitects, colorflush, nextstationparis
Mistergos
تطوير الألعاب: rallymangt, mythicbattlesragnarok, superfantasybrawl, architectsofthewestkingdom, hadrianswall, الطاقم, anachrony, digupadventure, تشاكرا, ageofcivilization, decrypto, trekkingtheworld, clashofdecks, volto, Room 25, trektwelve, ticketgagnant
MarkSteere
تطوير الألعاب: cephalopod, herd, دودو, oust, impasse, gopher, rive, هادرون, modten, icebreaker, fractal, coins, زولا, redstone, diablo, silo
Think outside the shrinkwrap.My niche as an abstract game designer is an architecture first approach. A set of rules has a beauty all its own, independent of the gameplay. Go, Reversi, Hex, and Y inspired me initially, without ever having played any of them. Like those games, my games are based on pure, simple, essential mechanisms - more discovery than invention. They aren't arbitrary or hodgepodge. I also try to make my games as unique as possible - different from what I've already done, and different from what's out there. I don't do "with a twist" games.
Other designers, some very successful, do it differently. They start with a concept, playtest it extensively, tweak it, playtest it again, tweak it again... until they arrive at gameplay which meets their high standards. I couldn't do that even if I wanted to. I'm a decidedly below average player of games, and I'm not one to judge quality of play. I do playtest my games to make sure they don't have any robustness issues, but I can never really be sure until talented players get ahold of them and try to wring them out. Generally, the simpler a game is, the more vulnerable it is to problems. There was speculation that Dodo would quickly fall, but it's still standing strong.
Luckily, a small percentage of my games turned out to be pretty good in spite of my modus operandi.
My journey at BGA. I am not a programmer. I saw that there were tutorials and I thought, How hard can it be? Little did I know. I designed Gopher as a super simple game to make my first programming project easy. It wasn't. My strategy was to copy the Reversi program and swap out the graphics and game logic. My program was a total kludge and it took a lot of work by Sunil Patel to make it functional. He was a fan of my game, Flume, which he had programmed for his own fledgling game site, and he took me under his wing. He disappeared after Gopher, but then Tisaac stepped in and helped me quite a lot on various game programs. He wasn't writing my programs for me but he always told me just what I need to know to get back on track. Tisaac really helped me get a toehold at BGA. UFM deserves mention for his help with the pie rule and player panel which I've used in many programs since. Eventually I would get through a few programs without needing any help. But then I got stuck on Cephalopod and VictoriaLa came to the rescue.
The developers are overall a stellar bunch of guys (and girls). To those who helped, reluctantly or otherwise, I say Thank you. It was noble of you to take time away from your own projects to help a doddering old amateur develop a game program that would be lucky to get .01% of the playership.
The admins here are awesome. Most have personally thanked me for my contributions. Pleasant admins are the exception to the rule. At most game sites the admins are dimwits who take pleasure in lording over the designers.
To me, designers are the apex predators. Selectors (developers) play an important role but are decidedly lower in the food chain. In my case, I wear a designer hat with a little developer feather in the band. My specialty, the naturally finite (no superko etc.), decisive abstract, is the highest form of a game.
Other designers I admire include Michael Amundsen and Alek Erickson. I view Michael as the current torch bearer in this thin sliver of the design universe we've found ourselves in. Alek has collaborated with Michael on many designs. I like Christian Freeling. He's been around for a long time designing Chess and Checkers variants.
There aren't many shrink-wrapped games I like. Azul for example, popular though it is, totally misses me.
I've lived in Mongolia since March 2019. I lived in California for 20 years before moving here.
Article about me:
https://www.abstractgames.org/marksteere.html
Article by me:
https://www.abstractgames.org/finitude.html
Mark Steere Games chat: https://discord.gg/feCAeKxyxD
LeSteffen
تطوير الألعاب: divideetimpera, inori, Loco Momo, sagani, norsemen, citadels, tinyturbocars, battlespiritssaga, codexnaturalis, evergreen, wordtraveler, carcassonnehuntersandgatherers, splito, timelinetwist, kami, farmclub
Galeelox
تطوير الألعاب: amalfi, odicey, smallislands, sahwari, ratjack, yokai, rainforest, Flowers, mapsofmisterra, openseason, scriptoria, gosux, eternitium, almadi
vincentt
تطوير الألعاب: caverna, نيدافلير, barrage, thebuildersantiquity, memoir, scythe, diceforge, thecrewdeepsea, altered, thebuilders, Number Drop, أرك نوفا, agricola
Let's roll :)
apollo1001
تطوير الألعاب: buttons, potionexplosion, Nine Men's Morris, veletas, keyflower, explorationwarzone, الثلاثية, Carcassonne (كاركاسون), mammalath, tapestry, sapiens, Happy City
jordijansen
تطوير الألعاب: Sky Team, festival, dogpark, رَسَّامو الخَرائِط, Canvas, fromage, quibbles, explodingkittens, crypt, foreverhome, orleans
Avid BoardgamerDeveloper of BGA games
Looking to get your game on the platform? Feel free to contact me for more info!
firgon
تطوير الألعاب: boreal, dicehospitaler, planetunknown, hydroracers, forestshuffle, flowersmandalagame, colorado, goldncrash, oasis, treos, rauha
Auteur de jeux en herbe, Hydroracers ici. Etdeveloppeur BGA si l'occasion se présente. Contactez-moi.
Sourisdudesert
تطوير الألعاب: مدن ضائعة, Hack Trick, alhambra, dungeontwister, Carcassonne (كاركاسون), intheyearofthedragon, العصر الحجري, donuts, raceforthegalaxy, abalone
Let's be serious: it's a game.
A-dam
تطوير الألعاب: pennypress, Medo, hypnosia, marram, ياهتزي, دائرة الحياة, kingsguild, wastelandia, blooms, Mattock
Mizutismask
تطوير الألعاب: festivibes, justdesserts, nimalia, Seasons, newyorkzoo, expeditions, insidejob, dobble, harmonies, getthemacguffin
pikiou
تطوير الألعاب: timemasters, sobek, metromaniab, gearnpiston, lox, tournay, carrara, quoridor, quantum
Adapted for BGA: Quoridor, Gear&Piston, Tournay, Time Masters, Sobek, Quantum, The Palaces of Carrara, Lords of Xidit and Metromania ^^
hersh
تطوير الألعاب: dragoncastle, tinyfarms, forsale, chocolatefactory, marcopolotwo, marcopolo, piepmatz, lagranja, obsession
GTSchemer
تطوير الألعاب: gogoa, ekonos, setup, strands, lielow, riftvalleyreserve, challengers, rollintotown, ghostathome
Archduke
تطوير الألعاب: Abyss, restinpeace, karvi, crimezoom, botanicus, polis, feastforodin, Skull
Rashly grab a demo for tabletop play (9)
DrKarotte
تطوير الألعاب: bigtimesoccer, icecoldicehockey, sapiens, stirfryeighteen, GoRami, skat, ruhr, solo
Stets auf der Suche nach frischem Löwenzahn...
MGoulet
تطوير الألعاب: wizard, thirteenclues, chemicaloverload, dungeonroll, goblinhood, cannonades, wizardsgrimoire
BGA Developer of Wizard, Dungeon Roll, 13 Clues and Wizards of the Grimoire
bennygui
تطوير الألعاب: Earth, barenpark, theisleofcats, draftandwriterecords, goldwest, romirami, goldblivion
Gamer, Software Developer (on BGA and elsewhere) and other things too. Developed BGA adaptations for Gold West, The Isle of Cats, Bärenpark, Earth, GOLDblivion, Romi Rami and Draft & Write Records.Joueur, Programmeur (sur BGA et ailleurs) et d'autres choses aussi. J'ai développé les adaptations BGA de Gold West, The Isle of Cats (L'île des chats), Bärenpark, Earth, GOLDblivion, Romi Rami et Draft & Write Records.
XCID
تطوير الألعاب: قطة شرودنجر, boomerangaustralia, imhotep, أرقام محظوظة, faifo, boomerangusa, Boomerang: Europe
BGA developer of Lucky Numbers, Imhotep, Schrödinger's Cats and the Boomerang series (Australia, Europe, USA)
VinceS
تطوير الألعاب: Vulture Culture, murusgallicus, piratenkapern, spades, thatslife, connectsix, escapefromthehiddencastle
Lunalol
تطوير الألعاب: thegreatamericanfoxhunt, spaceempires, talon, quartermastergeneraleastfront, unconditionalsurrender, quirkyquarks, ageofchampagne
tilalilalou
تطوير الألعاب: throughtheages, tzolkin, معركة الخراف, كينجدومينو, throughtheagesnewstory, لست لوحدك
¯¯̿̿¯̿̿'̿̿̿̿̿̿̿'̿̿'̿̿̿̿̿'̿̿̿)͇̿̿)̿̿̿̿ '̿̿̿̿̿̿\̵͇̿̿\=(•̪̀●́)=o/̵͇̿̿/'̿̿ ̿ ̿̿
Morgalad
تطوير الألعاب: taluva, dragonkeeper, veggiegarden, takaraisland, incangold, santorini
Developer of:INCAN GOLD
TAKARA ISLAND
VEGGIE GARDEN
DRAGON KEEPER
TALUVA
SANTORINI
...and board game geek
MathCT
تطوير الألعاب: letscatchthelion, highseason, spellbook, mythicbattlesragnarok, undergrove, biomos
pasko92
تطوير الألعاب: rivervalleyglassworks, theshipwreckarcana, ontour, rolltothetopjourneys, boop, mountaingoats
Developer of boop., Roll to the Top: Journeys, On Tour, Mountain Goats and other BGA adaptations. Send me a message if you're looking to adapt your game!
RicardoRix
تطوير الألعاب: finity, palace, Saint Poker, auntiemildred, commanderchess, detectivepoker
BGA developer & Abe wannabe:Hello...Hello..............Follow me.....
Great games, you might have missed:
Innovation.
Number Drop.
NXS.
The Battle for Hill 218.
Haiclue.
Martian Dice.
Not Alone.
Pax Pamir.
KuWizard
تطوير الألعاب: واحد فقط, Simplicity, بانج!, martiandice, threethousandscoundrels
Hi! I am a developer of Martian Dice, Just One and 51st State, co-developer of BANG! and a very passionate boardgamer :)I am a Russian living in the UK. Would love to play some boardgames IRL!
AxeCrazy
تطوير الألعاب: cookieaddict, كانجو, metz, amazonas, bauer
Boardgamer for ages and enjoying playing and developing new games on BGA
AmadanNaBriona
تطوير الألعاب: perikles, ladyandthetiger, forex, trickoftherails, intheyearofthedragon
I am a collector with too many games on my Shelf of Shame.I implement games for BGA as a hobby.
BoltKey
تطوير الألعاب: bug, arnak, draftosaurus, squadro
Game designer (Project L, Snekagon), developer, mid-euro player. My BGA projects:
Released: Draftosaurus, Lost ruins of Arnak
Beta: Squadro, Bug
Alpha: Snekagon,
Upcoming projects: Project L
ElNSTElN
تطوير الألعاب: iwari, darwinsjourney, dvonn, مُضبوط
We don't stop playing because we grow old; we grow old because we stop playing.
vurtan
تطوير الألعاب: roadtothreehoundred, framework, Applejack, knister
Vater, Ehemann, Programmierer und Brettspieler aus Leidenschaft
Woodruff
تطوير الألعاب: innovation, toc, frenchtarot
Non non l'appelez pas ça s’ joue à 3 !Bon c'est pas grave on va s’ démerder…
cpasbanal
تطوير الألعاب: luxor, barbu, burglebros
Developer of Barbu, Luxor, HarbourCo-dev of Burgle Bros.
Jonathan2004
تطوير الألعاب: riverofgold, coalbaron, flipfreighters
Software Developer,Freelance BGA games Developer known as "joesimpson":
* some games are in alpha,
* 3 games are LIVE
nicotacotac
تطوير الألعاب: federation, pook, bigmonster
Developer of Big Monster, PookCo-dev. of Federation
And maybe more to come... ;)
Fletcheese
تطوير الألعاب: fivetribes, fika, gizmos
When we hit our lowest point, we are open to the greatest change---
Journey before destination
leocaseiro
تطوير الألعاب: Tic-Tac Match, الطاقم
Working my way to being an Alpha reviewer (up to 700+ games).Developer:
In the meantime, I also started making BGA games.
My first implementation is the 2 player variant for The Crew, Jarvis.
I really appreciate the help from the BGA Dev Community, thanks to Tisaac, Thoun, VictoriaLa, Vincentt, and Archduke.
I developed Tic-Tac Match, currently in Beta. a filler card game inspired by tic tac toe.
Emanuele Ornella
تطوير الألعاب: Soluna, teatime
Board game designer of games like Assyria, Byzanz, Pioneers and many others. I am also a software engineering.
shadowphiar
تطوير الألعاب: steamworks, pontedeldiavolo
I play bass guitar and Euro board games. I go to Emmanuel Church and I helped design your phone's brain.
konnok3
تطوير الألعاب: eightyeight, cucco
Japanese boardgame player.I like to play games very much, but I'm not a good player.
galehar
تطوير الألعاب: raceforthegalaxy
I have taken over the maintenance of Race for the Galaxy. While I didn't wrote the original implementation (it was sourisdudesert), I fixed tons of bugs in the expansions and added many improvements to the interface.There's still a lot to do.
T_Law
تطوير الألعاب: اربط أربعة
Favourite Games:- Connect Four
- Kalah
- Werewolf
- Hanabi
- Carcassonne
lordmcfuzz
تطوير الألعاب: innovation
I love innovation and am part of the volunteer dev teamhighest innovation elo? 460 (78th) ->220726
highest vectorace elo? 391 (14th) ->221028
highest wingspan elo? 319 () ->231106
I was 1st for sometime in all time elo for Liverpool rummy
highest wingspan score 110, bonus points 29
ranks not tied to elo/date, just when I notice
MutantPigeon24
تطوير الألعاب: chromino
Hi all 👋 I'm a volunteer developer for BGA and enjoy adapting board games onto the BGA platform for all players to have fun on.Developed:
- Chromino
I'm current working on:
- KAWA (Alpha)
Tof63
تطوير الألعاب: laserreflection
I made a browser extension for BGA. Learn more here: https://boardgamearena.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=30509
ExtraPaul
تطوير الألعاب: cacao
Développeur informatique, a découvert les jeux de société depuis peu.
dhau
تطوير الألعاب: battleforhill
Software Developer and lover of all types of games from Sydney, Australia
HQ063
تطوير الألعاب: geekoutmasters
Geek, nerd, freak, terco y vago. Web & Desktop Developer. Adicto a Internet. Vivo la vida de a 140 caracteres a la vez.
Kwiss44
تطوير الألعاب: gangsta
Discover Gangsta!, the first game created by Schmeta Games, a brand new game publishing company from Belgium: https://www.schmetagames.be/en/gangsta.php
Oberstille
تطوير الألعاب: theshipwreckarcana
I love deck-building, deduction, and cooperative games (though I also enjoy lots of other things!).I'm a software developer, and I'm working on BGA implementations of Burgle Bros 2 and Effortless at the moment (in addition to the complete projects listed under "games developed"). If you're interested in adapting your game for BGA, send me a message!
Alex_tgiu
تطوير الألعاب: baolakiswahili
I love board games since childhood. And since school, we have a weekly board game evening going, since about 10 years even with web based result protocol. When Covid changed the world, it also changed our boardgaming and we discovered BGA, which is since then our weekly gaming place. Besides that, also my family likes to play board games, in real and on BGA, so I'm quite happy about it! And being a software engineer, it gave me the chance to publish a game myself: https://boardgamearena.com/gamepanel?game=baolakiswahili
eoincos
تطوير الألعاب: dicesummoners
Board game designer from Decking Awesome Games (https://www.dag.irish/)
yupika
تطوير الألعاب: kmakici
Part-time game designer, part-time translator, part-time reviewer, part-time chikuwa and tiramisu lover, and part-time world peace thinker.
LaszloK
تطوير الألعاب: hungariantarokk
Favourites: Tarokk, Hanabi, Agricola.I like discussing.
I don't like arguing.
I enjoy the fact that there isn't a single correct way to play Hanabi (or pretty much any other game, for that matter).
Bids
تطوير الألعاب: Bids
I'm the developer of the Bids card game. You can find my game here on BGA. If you have questions about the game, feel free to ask
grid
تطوير الألعاب: ثرايف
I'm Martin Grider, board game designer and video game developer. My game development blog is chesstris.com, games you can buy at abstractpuzzle.com.
Brederic
تطوير الألعاب: Remember When
Avid follower of Christ, husband, father and gamer. I developed Remember When here on BoardGameArena.
disu
تطوير الألعاب: trusis
Developer and creator of Trusis, a simple murder party game now available on BGA!
Nevin
تطوير الألعاب: kiriaitheduel
Master of CS (ASU). Game Software Engineer. AGS Money Charge Ying Da, Boo Bucks (Unity+HLSL). ETBIM Construction Safety (VR+Interactions). BGA: Kiri-ai
Shazzypaz
تطوير الألعاب: kingdoms
Retired. Play lots of pickleball and love to cook (anything and everything, simple to gourmet).Maintained Space Base on BGA for 1 1/2 years. My volunteer contribution.
Nisterius
تطوير الألعاب: grosstarock
I love traditional card games - especially Tarot games. Feel free to hit me up for one!
mandrel
تطوير الألعاب: calypso
Cards, but also sometimes not cards.Developed Calypso (currently in beta)
المترجمين (بلغتك)
(المترجمين مع أكثر من 100 سلاسل التحقق من صحة)
أعضاء بريميوم
(اللاعبين الذين دعمونا مؤخرًا ماليًا)
